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In this study, we evaluated the impact of three nitrogen (N) balance calculation methods on N surplus in a five-crop rotation. A complex but precise N balance calculation method revealed a more realistic assessment of legume contribution in crop rotations, considering N surplus, cumulative surplus, and efficiency of N inputs. This method highlighted the significant role of red clover as a green manure on the N surplus of subsequent winter wheat crops in both conventional and organic cropping systems. Notably, an additional mineral fertilizer rate of 150 kg N ha-1 led to a complete transformation into N surplus, suggesting its use is unreasonable.
For crop rotation modeling, it’s recommended to use a N balance considering all N inputs and outputs. When factoring in crop residue return and rhizodeposition, the advanced N balance surplus increased by 201%, 187%, and 268% in the conventional N100, N150, and Organic systems, respectively, compared to the simplified N balance.
| Keywords | legumes; nitrogen balance; residues recovery; rhizodeposition |
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